بروتوكولات نقل البيانات: MQTT و HTTP APIs

kfs/farm/<node_id>/telemetry   JSON readings          (node -> broker, QoS 0)
kfs/farm/<node_id>/status      online | offline        (retained + Last Will)
kfs/farm/<node_id>/health      fw, uptime, heap, rssi  (retained, every 5 min)
kfs/farm/<node_id>/cmd         {"actuator":"pump",...}  (server -> node, QoS 1)
kfs/farm/<node_id>/cmd/ack     command id               (node -> server)
kfs/lab/weather/telemetry      future: weather station on the faculty roof

# KFS Smart Farm - local Mosquitto broker (session 7)
# Windows: "C:\Program Files\mosquitto\mosquitto.exe" -c mosquitto.conf -v
# Create users:  mosquitto_passwd -c passwd farmnode   then   mosquitto_passwd passwd dashboard
# NOTE: Mosquitto does not allow comments at the end of a setting line.

# Farm LAN only - the IoT router is isolated from the college network
listener 1883 0.0.0.0
allow_anonymous false
password_file passwd
acl_file acl

# Keep retained messages (node status, health) across restarts
persistence true
persistence_location ./data/
autosave_interval 60

log_type error
log_type warning
log_type notice
connection_messages true

# MQTT over WebSockets for browser dashboards (session 11, optional)
listener 9001
protocol websockets

# Field nodes may only publish their own data and read their own commands
user farmnode
topic write kfs/farm/+/telemetry
topic write kfs/farm/+/status
topic write kfs/farm/+/health
topic read  kfs/farm/+/cmd

# The server / dashboard reads everything and sends commands
user dashboard
topic read  kfs/farm/#
topic write kfs/farm/+/cmd

/*
  KFS Smart Farm — field node (ESP32) — MQTT version  (sessions 7-8, 20)
  Publishes JSON to  kfs/farm/<NODE_ID>/telemetry  (QoS 0 with PubSubClient) every 60 s
  Last Will:         kfs/farm/<NODE_ID>/status = "offline"  (retained)  -> the dashboard knows when a node dies
  Subscribes to:     kfs/farm/<NODE_ID>/cmd   payload {"actuator":"pump","action":"on","duration_min":5}
  Libraries: PubSubClient (Nick O'Leary), DHT sensor library, ArduinoJson v7
*/
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <DHT.h>

const char* WIFI_SSID = "KFS-Farm-IoT";
const char* WIFI_PASS = "change-me";
const char* BROKER    = "192.168.1.10";     // Mosquitto on the farm laptop / Raspberry Pi
const char* MQTT_USER = "farmnode";
const char* MQTT_PASS = "change-me";
const char* NODE_ID   = "greenhouse_01";

#define DHT_PIN 4
#define SOIL_PIN 34
#define PUMP_PIN 26
DHT dht(DHT_PIN, DHT22);
WiFiClient net;
PubSubClient mqtt(net);
String tTelemetry, tStatus, tCmd;
unsigned long last = 0, pumpOffAt = 0;

void onMessage(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int len) {
  JsonDocument doc;
  if (deserializeJson(doc, payload, len)) return;
  bool on = doc["action"] == "on";
  if (doc["actuator"] == "pump") {
    digitalWrite(PUMP_PIN, on ? LOW : HIGH);
    pumpOffAt = on ? millis() + min(doc["duration_min"] | 5, 30) * 60000UL : 0;
  }
  Serial.printf("cmd on %s: %.*s\n", topic, len, (char*)payload);
}

void reconnect() {
  while (!mqtt.connected()) {
    // clientId, user, pass, willTopic, willQoS, willRetain, willMessage
    if (mqtt.connect(NODE_ID, MQTT_USER, MQTT_PASS, tStatus.c_str(), 1, true, "offline")) {
      mqtt.publish(tStatus.c_str(), "online", true);
      mqtt.subscribe(tCmd.c_str(), 1);
    } else {
      Serial.printf("MQTT failed rc=%d, retry in 5 s\n", mqtt.state());
      delay(5000);
    }
  }
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(PUMP_PIN, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(PUMP_PIN, HIGH);
  dht.begin();
  tTelemetry = String("kfs/farm/") + NODE_ID + "/telemetry";
  tStatus    = String("kfs/farm/") + NODE_ID + "/status";
  tCmd       = String("kfs/farm/") + NODE_ID + "/cmd";
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) delay(250);
  mqtt.setServer(BROKER, 1883);
  mqtt.setCallback(onMessage);
  mqtt.setBufferSize(512);
}

void loop() {
  if (!mqtt.connected()) reconnect();
  mqtt.loop();
  if (pumpOffAt && millis() > pumpOffAt) { digitalWrite(PUMP_PIN, HIGH); pumpOffAt = 0; }
  if (millis() - last > 60000 || last == 0) {
    last = millis();
    JsonDocument doc;
    float t = dht.readTemperature(), h = dht.readHumidity();
    if (!isnan(t)) doc["air_temp_c"] = t;
    if (!isnan(h)) doc["air_humidity_pct"] = h;
    doc["soil_moisture_pct"] = constrain(map(analogRead(SOIL_PIN), 3200, 1300, 0, 100), 0, 100);
    doc["rssi"] = WiFi.RSSI();
    char buf[256];
    size_t n = serializeJson(doc, buf);
    mqtt.publish(tTelemetry.c_str(), (const uint8_t*)buf, n, false);
  }
}

هذا هو الـ firmware الحقيقي للعقدة: JSON كل 60 ثانية، Last Will، واستقبال أوامر المضخة بمهلة أمان 30 دقيقة كحد أقصى.

curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/readings \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "X-API-Key: kfs-farm-node-key" \
  -d '{"node_id":"field_A","air_temp_c":29.4,"soil_moisture_pct":31}'